Paper - Review

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.08.014

Summary

The efficacy of immunotherapy
∵ Basic & clinical studies
← a technical & conceptual breakthrough
← that has revolutionized cancer treatment

HCC
← hepatocellular carcinoma
← a deadly malignancy ← with 1⃣ aetiologic diversity 2⃣ a chronic course
→ is strongly influenced by the immune system
→ was recently found → to partially benefit ← from immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy

HCC onco-immunology
→ depends ← on diverse genetic & environmental factors
← that together shape 1⃣ cancer-promoting inflammation 2⃣ immune dysfunction

❗: summarize → the current understanding of 1⃣ liver 2⃣ HCC
← onco-immunolgy obtained → through basic studies
← with 1⃣ mouse models 2⃣ clinical practice in humans

❗: discuss → pre-clinical & clinical findings
→ that implicate immuno-modulation ← as a major factor in HCC developments
→ that explain the basis → for HCC-targeting immunotherapy

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