Paper - Review

DOI: 10.1038/nature23003

Abstract

T-cells
→ directed → against mutant neo-epitopes drive cancer immunity

❓: Spontaneous immune recognition of mutation
→ is inefficient

Introduced → the concept of (individualized mutanome vaccines)
Implemented → an RNA-based poly-neo-epitope approach
→ to mobilize immunity ← against a spectrum of cancer mutations

∴ Report → the first-in-human application
← of this concept in melanoma

Set up
→ a process ← comprising comprehensive identification
← of 1⃣ individual mutations 2⃣ computational prediction of neo-epitopes
→ design & manufacturing ← of a vaccine unique → for each patient

∴ All patients
→ developed → T-cell responses
← against multiple vaccine neo-epitopes
← at up to high single-digit percentages

1⃣ vaccine-induced T-cell infiltration 2⃣ neo-epitope-specific killing ← of autologous tumor cells
→ were shown
∵ Post-vaccination resected metastases ← from two patients

The cumulative rate ← of metastatic events
→ was highly significantly reduced ↓
← after the start of vaccination
∴ A sustained progression-free survival

❗: Individual mutations → can be exploited
∴ Opening a path → to personalized immunotherapy → for patients with cancer

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