Paper - Review

DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-0120-7

Abstract

Periodontal disease
→ a microbially-mediated inflammatory disease ← of tooth-supporting tissues
← that leads to 1⃣ bone 2⃣ tissue loss ← around teeth

❗: Bacterially-mediated mechanisms
← of alveolar bone destruction
→ have been widely studied
❓: the effects of (a poly-microbial infection)
← on 1⃣ the periodontal ligament 2⃣ microbiome/virome
→ have NOT ❌ been well explored

Current investigation
→ introduced → a new mouse model of periodontal disease
→ to examine the effects of (a poly-microbial infection)
→ on 1⃣ periodontal ligament peroperties 2⃣ changes ← in bone loss 3⃣ the host immune response 4⃣ the microbiome/virome ← using shotgun sequencing

Periodontal pathogens
← 1⃣ Pg. 2⃣ Td. 3⃣ Tf 4⃣ Fn
→ were used ← as the ploymicrobial oral inoculum
← in BALB/CByJ mice

The poly-microbial infection
→ triggered 1⃣ significant alveolar bone loss 2⃣ a heightened antibody response 3⃣ an elevated cytokine immune response 4⃣ a significant shift ← in viral diversity & virome composition 5⃣ a widening of the PDL space

Changes ← in the PDL space
→ were present at sites ← far away from the site of insult
∴ The poly-microbial radius ← of effect
→ extends → beyond 1⃣ the bone loss areas 2⃣ site of initial infection

Associations were found
← between 1⃣ bone loss 2⃣ specific viral & bacterial species 3⃣ immune genes 4⃣ PDL space changes

These findings
→ may have significant implications
→ for 1⃣ the pathogenesis of periodontal disease 2⃣ biomechanical properties ← of the periodontium

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