Paper - Review

DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01655-5

Abstract

Biomarkers of response
→ to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) ← in NSCLC
→ aside from PD-L1 expression

Fecal Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk)
→ was associated ← in clinical benefit of ICI
← in patients ← with 1⃣ NSCLC 2⃣ kidney cancer
∵ in a previous retrospective analysis

❗: performed → shotgun-metagnomics-based microbiome profiling
← in a large cohort of patients ← with advanced NSCLC
← treated ← with 1⃣ first- 2⃣ second-line ICI
→ to prospectively validate → the predictive value of fecal Akk

Baseline stook Akk
→ was associated
← with increased ↑ → 1⃣ objective response rate 2⃣ overall survival ← in multivariate analyses
← with independent ❌ ← of 1⃣ PD-L1 expression 2⃣ antibiotics 3⃣ performance status

Intestinal Akk
→ was accompanied ← by a richer commensalism
← e.g. 1⃣ Eubacterium hallii 2⃣ Bifidobacterium adolescentis
← by a more inflamed tumor micro-envrionment ← in a subset of patients

Antibiotic use
← coincided ← with a relative dominance of AKK ← above ↑ 4.8%
→ accompanied ← with the genus Clostridium
∴ Both associated ← with resistance to ICI

❗: Significant differences
← in relative abundance of Akk → may represent potential biomarkers
→ to refine patient stratification ← in future studies

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